Essay Comparing Mentoring and Coaching - 1642 Words

Comparing Mentoring and Coaching There are some key differences between mentoring and coaching. Mentoring- is known as the transfer of wisdom and has a protà ©gà © or mentee that takes an interest in their career path. The protà ©gà © is guided and advised by the mentor who has worn the same shoes and traveled the same path, usually someone older and wiser. The mentor guides, persuades, and encourages a person to reach their full potential in life, in a position in an organization or in a career. Mentors who may be immediate superiors are helpful in career developments of the individual, and in some cases guidance is provided by executives or managers higher up in the organization. The higher level superiors guide, advise, and†¦show more content†¦The mentor must believe in their protà ©gà © and the protà ©gà © must be aware that the mentor believes in them. GOOD COACH 1) To understand the goal of the individual/team will determine whether the coach is good. The coach must understand and know why and what they are needed for, therefore clarification is essential in knowing the need and goal of their job. This may prove especially important when using an external coach to the organization. The task at hand must be understood by both coaches internally and externally to the organization. An example may be that a soccer coach needs to know what they must teach to the team before they teach it. 2) It is important for a coach to be dominant and push the individual or team to the limit. Being caring, nurturing, and patient is good, but at the same time a coachee will need a push to reach and achieve their set goals. Incorporating dominance into a motivational and supportive balance will create a positive culture between the participants. The dominance will also help to increase the individual/team’s determination to achieve and encourage their successes. 3) A good coach must cater for individual differences because it is obvious that no two people are identical. The coach won’t teach or instruct the individual/team’s in the same way. Some individuals will perform better under pressure by putting them down orShow MoreRelatedLearning Team Deliverable Week 3 1055 Words   |  5 Pagestraining program development and delivery. Team C summarizes the following highlights of this week’s discussions: determining organizational development theories and app lications; differentiating between mentoring and executive coaching; identifying the major components of employee training; and comparing career development strategies. Organizational Development Theories and Applications Organizational development (OD) focuses on the research, theory, and practices committed to increasing the knowledgeRead MoreAssistant Coach : A Realistic Perspective Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesMany coaches in start of careers have begun as a head coach or as an assistant coach. The assistant coach has a unique position within the program and coaching staff. Assistant coach is hired by a head coach to make sure players, equipment and facilities are well-prepared and organized. However, some assistant coach has direct coaching responsibilities, while others only respond to the head coach s directive. The assistant job given the opportunities to work up the ladder by allowing the gain ofRead MoreAssistant Coach : A Realistic Perspective Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesMany coaches in start of careers have decision yo begin as head coach or as an assistant coach. The assistant coach has unique position within the program and coaching staff. Assistant coach are hired by a head coac h to make sure players, equipment and facilities are well-prepared and organized. However, some assistant coaches have direct coaching responsibilities, while others only respond to a main or head coach s directives. The asissant job given the oppurunties to work up the ladder by allow theRead MoreLeadership Development : An Effective Leader1238 Words   |  5 Pageson-the-job training, classroom and online instruction, mentoring programs, and coaching interventions. The use of coaching interventions to develop both executives and midlevel managers has increased exponentially over the past decade. Today, organizations are spending considerable amounts of time and money to develop leadership skills and competencies believed to guarantee optimal results. A recent report by the research firm IBISWorld declared the coaching industry to be in excess of $1B annually in theRead MoreHow Teacher Development Influence The Self Confidence For The Beginning Mentees Teachers Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher’s mentees? RQ 1: To what extent does mentoring development and induction programs correlates with self-confidence for the beginning mentees teachers? RQ 2: To what degree does professional development have on novice teachers? RQ 3: What is the degree of self-worth on the novice teacher from professional mentoring development? RQ 4: Is there a difference in the change of self-worth on novice teachers who have gone through the professional mentoring development? Significance of Study Read MoreHuman Resources: Performance Management1315 Words   |  6 Pagesin order to achieve the overall business strategy and to create a high performance work force†. The performance management process involves various stages such as goal setting, skills development, performance measuring against the set goals, mentoring/coaching to enable employees to focus and achieve their goals followed by assessment of performance and any further development plans as required. Let us look at these steps one by one. Goal Setting. In my organization for goal setting we followRead MoreLeaders Are Born Not Made1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthe employees to be the best they can be. We have all heard the saying that â€Å"leaders are born not made†, but I would argue great leadership takes a heavy dose of self-reflection and discipline, along with consistent and constant educational and mentoring experiences. Having been in leadership roles for over 22 years of my life, I can assure you I am not the same leader today, that I was 20 years ago. The key for organizational success is to have people that want to be developed while developingRead MoreLeadership Coaches Ask Clients Critical Questions1127 Words   |  5 Pagesare a source of encouragement with realistic goals that propel clients to a promising future. Bill Coleman came to this coach for intake as a potential new client seeking a leadership coaching relationship. Bill referred to this coach by an old client, who achieved tremendous resu lts from their leadership coaching sessions. Bill is twenty-seven, not married, however, in a serious relationship. Additionally, he is currently the senior salesman for Rid Alert a fast paced and upcoming pest control companyRead MoreEvaluation Proposal For The Operation Peacemaker Fellowship Program1173 Words   |  5 PagesOn average, 40 fellows participate as a cohort, with about three cohorts beginning per year, in an 18-month long program. The program consists of: †¢ Daily contact with staff †¢ Creating a â€Å"life map† and developing goals †¢ Life skills workshops and mentoring †¢ Social services navigation support and referrals, including medical, mental health, employment, and educational services †¢ Excursions and travel †¢ Potential stipend privileges These components were designed to provide fellows with stable roleRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of Leadership Styles1040 Words   |  4 Pageslives. Strengths and Weaknesses of Consultative Leadership This is a style that includes parts of both transactional and transformational leadership, blending elements of each. Consultative leaders strengths include the ability to lead by coaching and mentoring, often include others in problem-solving, and focusing the activities of a team to the attainment of shared goals (Turner, Dulewicz, 2009). The weaknesses of this approach include that generating a high level of collaboration with subordinates

Social Media And Its Effect On Society - 1711 Words

Addiction, profit and influence usually are not the first words you would expect to come to mind when thinking about the term â€Å"social media,† yet with a little digging you will soon realize it could be the perfect description. Social media can be defined as forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content. Most often social media is understood as a positive concept because of the ways it has allowed us to attain cheap and easily accessible knowledge at the end of our fingertips. For example, take the average college student who would rather spend their last $20 at the bar you can conclude that there are superior consequences to abusing too much of a good thing; using social media has its own set of superior consequences. It is a very ironic but true fact that the number one use of social media and the problems it has caused are both driven by the same basic factors of supply and demand. Although social media only increased in popularity in the last few decades, it has been around for quite some time. The negative effects of social media on society can be revealed through understanding the origins of social media and how it has developed overtime into the ways its used today. The practice of social media in today’s society has exposed major concerns about the increased usage of pornography and acts as a major catalyst for other problems occurring within the U.S. Quick History ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Crumbles into Smithereens One Post at a Time You are walking out of the new Star Wars movie, posting about how superb it was, when suddenly you are swooped up and thrown in the back of a vehicle. No one would have thought posting about how you were there earlier would provoke such a situation. After all, social networking is â€Å"safe† and â€Å"friendly.† Now, social media is defined as â€Å"A form of electric communication through which users create online communities to share information,† accordingRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn a broad sense, Social media refers to elements such as websites, television, blogs, IM, and other applications that enable users to create and share various forms of content such as messages, pictures, and information, or to be able to participate in social networking. Social media depends on web-based applications, which allow a high level of virtual interaction on various levels such as social, professional, and educational level s. Social media has had various contributions to the developmentRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of vast social media networks has improved our communications and interactions. 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People’s safety will be in danger, crimes will increase, people will getRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1601 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent editorial titled â€Å"Hazards of Social Media† on your LinkedIn page on February 10th, 2016. It was very interesting to read your perspective on social media and its effect on society. Having an undergraduate major in Psychology at the University of Southern California and currently conducting research on social media usage at the Brain and Creativity Institute of USC, I have spent significant time researching the issue of social media.Though I agree that social media can be hazardous if not used effectivelyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society998 Words   |  4 Pagesis bound to be a shift in social norms. As the times change, so does societ al views on acceptable values. One such possibility is the standard value accepted by mainstream society in which the way a female body is sexually portrayed in the media. It appears that society has not only accepted this standard, but has increasingly encouraged a more sexualized representation of the female body. Social media is an informational highway about what is accepted by the larger society and inferred by the individualsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become prominent parts of life for many young people today. Most people engage with social media without stopping to think what the effects are on our lives, whether positive or negative. Are we as a society becoming more concerned with Facebook friends than we are with the people we interact with face-to-face in our daily lives? What will the longterm effects of today s social media use be? There are many positive aspects, but there are equally as many dangers that come withRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1151 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media The Workplaces’ Largest Enemy Being employed means that an individual will in most cases have coworkers and bosses; the environment shared between the employees is known as the workplace. In the time before technology, people being fired from their jobs was not an unheard of situation. The difference now is people are being terminated from their jobs because of something they posted on social media. If this was not the case, it would set a precedent that posting inappropriate or hurtfulRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIn our modern world, the use of social media is overwhelming and second nature due to the availability. Several people all around the world possess some form of an electronic device that is capable of accessing social media, rather it be Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, and many more. â€Å"Technology’s rampant popularization over the past decade in terms of social media has meant that texting, Facebook, and Twitter have inevitable take n over as the most efficient ways of communicating with eachRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1703 Words   |  7 PagesStrangely, being on social media for several hours daily is regarded as normal. Although social media use would be classified as a mainstream activity, that does not make common behavior the correct behavior. â€Å"Behaviors[sic] such as attempting to attract more followers about your life.† (Fishwick, 2016). Users today are more willing to participate in activities such as cyberbullying, or activities that could potentially harm others or themselves mentally or physically. Getting praise and compliments

Synthesis Essay Joseph Vincent Paterno - 1407 Words

Synthesis Essay – Joseph Vincent Paterno MSgt Allen W. Hewitt Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy September 10, 2014 Instructor: MSgt Travis Pyle Joe Paterno Picture this, walking down a tunnel into a stadium with 106,000 fans screaming we are PENN STATE! Joe Paterno lived this every Saturday for 46 years. Joseph Vincent Paterno was born 21 December 1926 in Brooklyn, NY. He attended Brown University where he majored in law, while playing football as a quarterback and cornerback. Upon graduation he was on course to become the lawyer that he father wanted, but Penn State University came calling with a coaching offer. They saw the leadership qualities of a visionary and because of†¦show more content†¦Let me now call an audible to the visionary leadership of the man they called â€Å"Joepa†. Visionary Leader Joes vision was to build a powerhouse university program. He took over a not so great football program, but as a visionary his role was to be innovative in educating, mentoring, and guiding young adults who are searching for meaning and purpose. He started with turning the student athlete graduation rate around, using individual consideration, where leaders treat others as individuals with different needs, abilities, and aspirations in just 5 years he took the rate up 10 percent and maintained a 80 percent graduation rate throughout his tenure crushing the NCAA standard of 67 percent. Next was creating an organized group to work together, a team. He took the names off the back of the jerseys and left the helmets plain white promoting the team aspect, teambuilding not me building. Now to build a fan base, he developed and articulated visions from the future. He looked out the window and saw a stadium that barely held 30,000 people in 1968. Joe held a 75 percent winning percentage over 46 years, 37 bowl appearances, and 2 national championships. His inspirational motivation created the second largest college stadium seating 106,157 fans. He spoke at multiple clinics, banquets, and charities extending his knowledge to diverse groups. In 2000 Adam Taliaferro was paralyzed on the first play of

Epidemiology and Research Methods Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Epidemiology and Research Methods. Answer: Introduction The researchers have given an elaborate literature review to demonstrate their study motivation. A review of literature in a research study involves a critical summary of the studies that are related to the topic of interest, often developed to conceptualize a research study (Polit, 2016). They have begun by quoting studies to show the relationship between intake of anti-psychotic drugs and weight gain as well as obesity-induced conditions as heart diseases, which is adequate. They have clearly and concisely described about various studies to demonstrate the relationship between Clozapine and its effect on weight and obesity-caused disorders among schizophrenia patients. They have concentrated more on the association of Clozapine intake with cardio-vascular risks, which could be understood that the authors wanted to concentrate more on weight gain that is associated with cardiac disorders. The literatures included were relevant, recent and appropriate with correct in-text citations. Most of the studies are current yet few studies are very old to consider. Though the older studies are highly helpful to understand the underlying concepts as well as the effect of clopiazine in that period, it could increase the chance of bias in understanding the fundamental concepts, as science advances day by day (Tappen, 2010). They have mentioned a couple of studies to show the effect of diet control programs on the clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients, which showed contradictory results. This has motivated the researchers to conduct a randomized- controlled trial to determine the effect of regular physical-activities with dietary-control programs (6-month) on obese, schizophrenic in-patients those treated with clozapine. They have measured anthropometric with bio-chemical indices (triglycerides, cholesterol, serum-glucose, insulin levels, cortisol levels, prolactin levels, growth-hormone as well as IGF-1 IGFBP-3) at 3rd and 6th months. This shows that the researchers have described their views systematically, logically as well as sequentially in an unbiased way (Greenhalgh, 2010). They have demonstrated their insight into the problem by involving more suitable and comprehensive studies. Research Formulation The researchers have identified the study problem appropriately and have given the study statements as per PICOT framework (Population, Exposure/Intervention, Comparison/ Control Outcome). A study problem is defined as a perplexing condition that requires investigation by a disciplined inquiry (THS, 2015). The research text suggests that the researchers are interested in evaluating the effect of weight control program on cloziapine- treated schizophrenic patients; at risk for weight gain of at-least 4.45 kg as well as obesity- related risks. The authors have stated a clear and appropriate research- purpose to evaluate the effect of diet control plus exercise program on the outcomes of obese schizophrenic patients taking clozapine. The purpose of a study should agree with its problem and title (Fink, 2013) which is evident in this study. They have given a clear and an achievable objective as to evaluate the effect of diet control as well as physical activity regimen that is given for six- month period on the obese schizophrenic in-patients under clozapine. Hypothesis is an expected or predicted relationship between two variables (Polit, 2016). The researchers have not clearly stated their hypothesis yet it could be understood from the objectives. Sampling and sample size According to Greenhalgh (2010), the process of selecting the target population and the samples is highly critical in a research study. The target population involves a population group in which the authors are interested in collecting data and generalizing the results (Houser,2011). Their selection of target population of 753 hospitalized schizophrenia patients admitted from 2003 September to 2004 February is appropriate. They have selected the patients who were diagnosed as schizophrenia based on DSM-IV criteria particularly between 18 to 65 years of age. Sample is a subset of the population who are selected to represent the entire population (LoBiondo-Wood, 2014). According to Moule (2013), a sampling plan involves selecting samples appropriately with sampling technique. They have selected 56 samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They have randomly assigned 25 samples to control group and 28 samples to study (interventional) group (with 3 samples withdrawn from control group as they have discharged) which is adequate for a RCT trial. Yet, power analysis was not done to select an appropriate sample size. As given by Polit (2016), random sampling is a technique by which samples are selected in such a way of providing equal opportunity to all the members of target population being studied which could reduce bias and hence is highly appropriate. The researcher has given intervention of dietary control with physical activity regimen continuously for six- months to study group while no intervention to control group. Research design Research design is an overall plan that is framed to address the study hypothesis (Polit, 2016). In this study, the researcher has selected the most appropriate randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to address their research question. RCT also called as true- experimental research-design is a quantitative research that involves manipulating the experimental group with intervention (diet control plus physical activity); a control group (without intervention) as well as randomization by allocating samples to both the groups (control experimental group) in a random basis (Fink, 2013) and hence it is of higher value as compared to that of other quantitative studies. According to Yartsev (2017), this RCT design will help to draw comparison between two groups. As the researchers have adopted this design, they can appropriately compare the study group (with intervention) and control group (without intervention). Thus, the research design they have adapted is adequate and can provide the strongest evidence to practice in a psychiatric setting. Ethical issues Ethics are the system of standards that is concerned with the extent to which the study follows the professional, legal, ethical as well as societal aspects to the study participants (Polit, 2016). A researcher has to get ethical approval from an Ethical Committee before commencing (Tappen,2010). In this study, the researchers have carried- out the study in-accordance with the Helsinkis Declaration. Further, they got ethical approval from the Ethical Reviewing Committee of the Yu-Li Veterans Hospital. It is understood from the text that they have informed all the patients about the study and obtained written (informed) consent before proceeding. The ethical principles as beneficence, maleficience, autonomy, justice and respect (Houser, 2011) including right to withdrawal at any time without penalty is followed. Bias control Bias is any influence that affects the study results and undermines validity (Polit, 2016). Controlling bias plays a significant role in obtaining high evidenced data so as to be utilized undoubtedly in patient practice. The researchers should try to avoid the maximum possible bias to ensure the quality of finding (Houser, 2011). Similarly, the researchers of this study have tried to avoid bias by following few methods. The participants in this study have distorted behavior (lack of condor) which could affect the researchers from obtaining information. Hence, the researchers have intelligently measured only anthropometric, metabolic and enzyme assays to avoid bias. Researcher subjectivity that involves pre-judging the expected finding and communicating to participants, but it could not be possible as the patients had distorted behavior. In regard to sample imbalances (sample bias/ faulty samples), the researchers have meticulously avoided bias by adapting random sampling technique to give equal chance to every participants. Sometimes, faulty methods of data collection could create bias. In this study, they have collected anthropometric data by a single investigator and have followed the directions in labels of chemicals for tests done to avoid bias. But, they have mentioned about the validity of the chemicals they have used for various tests anywhere which may increase the chance of bias. There could be possible measurement bias during anthropometric measurements due to inappropriate measurement tapes and improper observation. They have used RCT trial to avoid bias by manipulation, keeping controls and randomizing. Validity of variables Confounding variables are the extraneous variables that affect the relationship between study variables and hence should be controlled (Polit, 2016). The use of biological measurements in this study requires controlling these variables to avoid bias. Blinding that involves masking the individuals those involved in the study from getting information about the samples, the intervention modalities and/or the study-investigators to reduce bias which is not done here (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2014). They could have blinded at-least the investigators to control confounding variables. They have not controlled confounding variables by blocking/stratifying, crossover or homogeneity but have controlled by adapting variance with covariance (ANCOVA) analysis. The scientific merit of a quantitative study is measured by assessing the reliability and validity of the study instruments. But, validity and reliability was not shown for the instruments in this study which questions the scientific merit of the study. In regard to internal validity, they have supported their findings with other studies to show that there is a causal association between exposure (diet control plus physical activity regimen) and outcome (reduced BMI, body weight, waist hip- circumference, level of triglyceride, insulin level, with IGFBP-3 levels). This proves causality (i.e. cause and effect) relationship between variables. The researchers have also proved the internal validity of findings by drawing statistical difference between control and study group and hence could be practiced in psychiatric settings. In case of external validity, the validity that inferences about the relationships observed over the variations in settings, individuals, and study-time or measu re outcomes has to be accounted (Houser, 2011). In this study, they have proved their external validity by conducting the study in the same hospital, individuals with same diagnosis and measure outcomes. Only the duration of study is lengthy by is unavoidable to get sufficient number of patients. Hence, the study is of externally valid and could be applied in similar settings. Yet, future studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of intervention/exposure in other settings. Statistical analysis According to LoBiondo-Wood (2014), statistical analysis is the process of organization as well as analysis of collected data using statistical methods such as descriptive and/or inferential analysis. Descriptive statistics that involves describing and summarizing data and inferential statistics that involves drawing inferences between variables were employed in this study which is highly appropriate (NewCombe, 2012). The researchers have performed a detailed analysis of the data collected based on their objectives by testing hypothesis. They have used tables to show the difference between control (N=25) and study group (N=28) regarding anthropometric measurements, metabolic hormonal and growth factor data at baseline, 3rd and 6th months for schizophrenia in-patients treated with clozapine which is adequate (Tappen, 2010). They have collected and analyzed only the clinical data but not the demographic data. Demographic data is highly important to understand the physical characteristics of the patient. It could be better if they could have included demographic data in calculation and could have associated it with the comparative findings. The anthropometric measurements such as weight, BMI, waist- hip-circumference with waist- to -hip ratio, as well as fat percentage related to weight of both the study and control groups doesnt differ significantly and hence the demographic characteristics of both the groups are similar, thus reducing participant bias. Moreover, the mean fat% among men in study group was 30.94.8 and in control group was 30.05.1 whereas among women of study group, it was 43.610.7 and in controls of 41.45.7, which shows that the fat% is similar in both groups, thus minimizing participant bias. But, if the overweight classification of WHO is considered (0.85 for women and 1.0 for men), on ly the female participants in this study could be considered to have central obesity which may alter the comparison of data between both groups. The comparative analysis of anthropometric, blood samples, metabolic and enzyme analysis at baseline, 3rd and 6th months between groups is highly adequate; though difficult particularly using variance with covariance analysis (ANCOVA) along with SPSS (statistical- softwares 10.0 version); based on general linear-type model. They have not given any statement about the acceptance or rejection of research/null hypothesis except mentioning about statistical significance. They could have included hypothesis statement in introduction as well as analysis, which is crucial for a quantitative study. Overall, their selection of appropriate samples by considering their anthropometrics and their method of calculation and comparisons at varied levels (baseline, 3rd 6th-month) and method of discussion is adequate except few issues. Findings, study-discussions, conclusions with recommendations Discussion of results and recommendations are an integral part of a research study (Moule, 2013). They have discussed each and every finding to show the usefulness of their intervention/exposure based on their objectives. They have showed a signification reduction in anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters except growth factor as a benefit of their intervention in study group. They could have included cardiovascular components in their study as they are much concerned about cardiac risks. They have discussed their strengths and weaknesses but they have not mentioned anywhere about validity and reliability of study measurements particularly blood and metabolic parameters. The conclusion of a study should clearly summarize and derive the study-findings as well as establish the importance of the findings (Pilot, 2016). They have followed all the principles of conclusion by stating about their findings with its importance. Their mention about the applicability of their intervention/exposure in reducing the metabolic and anthropometric parameters, normalizing some metabolic abnormalities, reducing hormonal disorders and attenuation of few neuroleptic adverse effects that includes sedation with reduced day-to-day activities is adequate. They recommend walking to all clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients to avoid obesity and in-turn cardiac complications; which are inexpensive. It could also be done alone or with no/less instructions from others. Pilot study which is small- trail run could have been conducted to rule out any alterations or additions to be done with entire research process. They have not given any recommendations for conducting similar studies in other psychiatric settings or with alterations in interventions/exposure. Overall, though there are certain demerits in this study, the study-results will definitely serve as a guide to the health professionals caring schizophrenic patients. It could be difficult for them to motivate schizophrenic patients to follow instructions, yet it could help them significantly to reduce weight and weight-related complications. Hence, continuous exposure/intervention of diet control along with physical activity regimen for six- months to clozapine-treated obese schizophrenic inpatients reduces the body-weight, BMI, waist- hip- circumference, triglyceride level, insulin, as well as IGFBP-3 levels. References Boswell, C. (n. d.). Chapter-14: The research critique process and the evidence based appraisal process. Retrieved from https://samples.jbpub.com/9781284079654/9781284108958_CH14_Pass03.pdf Fink, A. (2013). Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1483301036 Greenhalgh, T. (2010).How to read a paper: the basics of evidence-based medicine. (4th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ Books: Oxford. Houser, J. (2011). Nursing Research. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1449677444 LoBiondo-Wood, G Haber, J. (2014). Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0323100864 Moule, P Goodman, M.(2013).Nursing Research: An Introduction. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1446293521 Newcombe, R.G. (2012). Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Related Measures of Effect Size. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1439812780 Polit, D.F Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: New Delhi. Tappen, R.M. (2010). Advanced Nursing Research. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0763765686 THS. (2015). Epidemiology- Glossary of Epidemiological and Statistical Terminology: Tropical Health Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.tropicalhealthsolutions.com/statsglossary Yartsev, A. (2017).Advantages and disadvantages of RCT. Retrieved from https://www.derangedphysiology.com/main/cicm-primary-exam/required-eading/research -methods -and-statistics/Chapter%202.0.2/advantages-and-disadvantages-randomised-control-study-design